C Fern

I.) Introduction

A.) In order to be considered in the Kingdom Plantae, plants must be unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes and must have cell walls comprised of cellulose and hemicelluloses. The plant also must be have Chlorophylls a, b, α & β carotenes & several xanthophylls. Basically the plant must be able to convert its energy from the sun through photosynthesis within its cells.

B.) During the sporophyte phase the embryo develops a plant with rhizome, stems, roots, and leaves. The rhizomes create the roots and the leaves. The embryo develops a sterile frond and a fertile frond. The sterile reproductive system only bears fronds, but the fertile reproduction system bears fronds with sporangia and vegetative buds. The sporophyte individual is a primary growth.

II.) Purpose

The purpose of this project was to put alternation generation into perspective, and allow us to view it in real life.

III.) Materials and Methods

1.) Materials

a. Sterile petri dish

i. Containing nutrient agar called hatcher's medium

b. Spores in sterile water

c. Sterile pipette

d. Para film

e. Compound Microscope

f. Dissecting Microscope

g. Cover Slip

h. Sharpie

2.) Methods

a.) Obtain a sterile Hatcher's medium petri dish.

b.) Using a sterile pipette, pipette a small amount of sterile spores onto the petri dish.

c.) Close the lid, and using para film, seal the lid shut.

d.) Record the temperature and pressure that the spores are living in.

e.) Every week take out the petri dish and record your observations of the spore underneath the dissecting microscope. Make sure to provide the magnification.

IV.) Results and Discussion

A.) The Spore

1.) Four different markings come together and have an opening creating the ornamentation patter. The ornamentation pattern has sporopollen which is super resistant to chemical and physical damage.

2.)

3.)

4.) A.) The purpose of the C-fern spore is that it undergoes mitosis to form the gametophyte.

b.) Sporopollenin gives the spore its resistance to dessication and pathogen attacks.

c.) Produce spores by meiosis in a sporangium.

d.) The spores break through during the trilete mark because it is the thinnest.

e.) When the spore breaks through the spore wall at the trilete mark is when the spore germinates. Environmental triggers include moisture, temperature, and light. The spore produces a new adult gametophyte.

B.) Gametophyte form & function

1.)

2.)

Structure Function

Photosynthetic cells Capture photosynthetic energy from the sun and uses it to make glucose that's used as nutrients.

Rhizoid Anchors plant to ground

Archegonium Produces an egg

Neck Aids the sperm to the egg

Venter Holds the egg

Antheridium Produces sperm

Jacket of antheridium Protects the sperm

Gametangium Forms gametes.

Gamete To fuse the egg and the sperm to make zygotes.

1.) The purpose of the gametophyte individual in the life cycle of a plant like the C-fern is where the c fern undergoes fertilization, and also gives nourishment to the sporophyte individual.

2.) The gametophyte morphology posses the apical meristem as a growing notch. The apical meristem allows the cell to elongate so that it grows vertically. The vascular plant sporophyte apical meristem is called the shoot apical meristem.

3.) . The gametophytes are dioecious meaning it has separate female and male parts. If it was monoecious they would be the same. The gametophytes arose from homosporous spores.

4.)

5.)

6.) When the gametes undergo meiosis . The hormone that makes gameophytes male is the antheridium which is produced after the spores undergo germination and mitosis.

7.)

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8.) When the gametes undergo meiosis . The hormone that makes gameophytes