Sir Robert Peel

Sir Robert Peel was born on February 5, 1788 in Chamber Hall not far from Bury Lancashire. "He was born to Robert Peel (first baronet) and Ellen Yates. Before Peel became well-known his family worked as farmers and weavers. When his family started doing textile manufacture and became rich. He received home schooling until he was 10 and attended a traditional school in 1798 when his family moved to Drayton Manor. According Bloy, from 1800-1804, Peel attended Harrow and attended Christ Church Oxford as a "gentlemen -commoner and awarded double First in Classic and Mathematics and Physics in 1809(). In 1809 Peel attended Lincoln Inn and pursued his career in Criminal Justice, where his father paid for his seat in Cashel in Co. In 1814 he received his MA (Bloy, Biography Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850), 2011)." He went into the field of politics and became a member of the English Parliament until he died in 1850.

The Metropolitan Police Act passed in 1829 (Bloy, 2002).With the creation of a new police force, British Parliament viewed this as an opportunity to correct the issues with rising crime rates in and around the nation's capital, urban growth, unviewed immigration, poverty, alcoholism, poor infrastructure, radical political groups, lenient judges, and unsupervised juveniles. Sir Peel was the first chief of police for the London Metropolitan force. The principles Peel adopted were monitoring police effectiveness by paying attention to crime rates. In addition, he recognized the importance of having a centrally located, public accessible police headquarters, proper recruitment, training, and selection of officers. Police in Peel's era were known as "bobbies" for British and American police forces (). With Peels principles officers were assigned patrol areas in which they were responsible for preventing and ensuring the safety of the community in which they patrol. Officers obtained specified within neighborhoods reported or to control known to as "beats." Before the implementation of a formal police force, whether it be military or civilian the response to a crime committed took place after a crime had taken place. Patrolling areas identified as having risks of crime that might occur every once and a while and any apprehension an alleged criminal or deterrence of crime at the time of the occurrence appeared to appear as an accident.

The American police for was modeled after the police forces developed the London Police. Many of the major cities in the United States had created municipal police departments by the Civil War. With poverty running rampant, prior to the abolishment of slavery, and what led to the Revolutionary War. Similar to the London police, American departments adopted a paramilitary structure. This meant that officers wore distinctive colored uniforms and patrolled assigned beats. American police unlike Bobbies, carried firearms and were under the command of appointed