Riordan Manufacturing Indp

INDP (Part 2)

This paper will provide an explanation of communication protocols as well as the network architecture. Traffic analysis, latency, jitter, and response time will also be evaluated with suggestions to improve the performance of the network. For example, communication by the means of satellite will have more latency due to the long time it takes for a packet to travel to the end-user. The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) will also be explained to go with the layers it takes to ensure communication between two devices.

Importance of Communication Protocols

Communication protocols are of the utmost importance in networking as they are a set of standards and rules that ensure communication from one device to another on a network. Network protocols are needed in computer networks as they include mechanisms for devices to identify and make connections with each other, as well as formatting rules that specify how data is packaged into messages sent and received ("Blurtit", 2013). There are hundreds of protocols out there that all have been developed to specific tasks. Protocols are necessary in a network because of the devices and software on the network all being from different vendors and need standard rules to ensure they are all compatible with each other.

With all of Riordan Manufacturing's computers and network devices, communication between all locations is essential. Network Protocols must be incorporated to make it possible for a reliable network with the use of a set of standards and rules. Protocols are also described as hardware or software components that carry out the OSI model guidelines for transferring information on a network. Communication protocols are the set of rules for sending information or data (protocol data unit (PDU)) from one device in the network to another device. Riordan Manufacturing integrated network design project needs to implement protocols that are supported by the seven layers of the OSI model. The seven layers of the OSI model are as follows:

 Application Layer - layer 7

 Presentation Layer - layer 6

 Session Layer - layer 5

 Transport Layer - layer 4

 Network Layer - layer 3

 Data-Link Layer - layer 2

 Physical Layer - layer 1

As discussed in Chapter 3, the connectionless environment (which includes X.25 networks, the public Internet, private IP-based backbones, and LANs) can be likened to the postal service, in which a message is relayed from point to point with each relay getting one step closer to its ultimate destination. In a connectionless environment, each packet of a message is an independent unit that contains the source and destination address. Each packet is independently routed at each intermediate node it crosses. The more hops it goes through, the greater the accumulated delays, which greatly affects delay-sensitive applications, including any form of real-time voice, real-time audio, real-time video, video-on-demand, and streaming media. But connectionless environments can work around problems, which is why they were so strong in the early days, when there were frequent system failures and links that were too noisy to perform correctly. Connectionless packets could circumvent system failures or noisy conditions and still meet at the destination point with high integrity. The connectionless environment offered the flexibility