Evolution and Antiobiotic

Evolution and Antibiotic Resistance

Doctors who treat infectious diseases fear one thing mostly, and that is the resistance to Antibiotics. Antibiotic drugs that kill bacteria were introduced in the 1928 by Dr. Alexander Flemming, who accidentally stumbled on it. He was a Scottish Scientist who while working with Staphylococcus bacteria, came across a type of mold that was growing on the laboratory plate. This active substance was called Penicillin by Flemming and thus the birth of antibiotic which kills living organisms. Anti resistant drugs are very evident in evolution.

In spite of the introduction of antibiotic drugs, pathogens are still around working very hard to resist these drugs. Simon, Reece & Dickey (2010, pp 303) confirms, "Occasionally, the balance shifts in favor of a pathogen, and we become ill." They went on to say, "Most pathogenic bacteria cause disease by producing poisons." There are two classes of poisons that exist, namely Exotoxins and Endotoxins.

Incidentally, there are factors that cause these antibiotic drugs not to work. . By the simple method of natural selection, bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. Microbes such as parasites, viruses and bacteria are living organisms develops gradually over a period of time. The main function of these microbes is to reproduce, live and expand fast and abundantly. They therefore; adapt to their environment and go through changes just so that they survive. In even that they are approached by an anti microbial, they can go through genetic changes which cause them to live through mutation.

Denamur, Tenaillon, Deschamps, & Skurnik (2005) stressed that "The comprehension of how cells having high mutation frequencies arise and proliferates is important for the understanding of evolution of antibiotic resistance." This must be understood in order for individual to know what they are dealing with. During mutation, the microbes go through reproduction by dividing every few hours. This permits them to move around very quickly and adapt to the conditions of their new environment. With each duplication of their generic material which composed of DNA, mutation proceeds. Some of these mutations help some microbes to survive an antimicrobial exposure. The antibiotics fasten to the protein to make the protein malfunction. The normal protein is part of the process of the copying of the DNA, making proteins, and making the wall of the bacteria cell. All these functions are crucial for the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Evidentally; the intake some bacteria can be good for an individual. Some dietary supplements may contain live cultures of bacteria or yeast. Some dairy products like milk and yogurt are termed as probiotics. Some companies even market yogurts which contain the bacteria call Bifidus Regularis which scientists claim plays a part in regulation of the digestive system. Currently,