Carl Gustav Jung

Carl Gustav Jung was born in 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland, and a psychiatrist credited with being the founder of analytical psychology (Cowgil, 1997 Paragraph 1). Jung's family was devoted protestants, and as a child he never understood why his family was so involved in church (Cowgil, 1997 Paragraph 2). In 1895 he attended the University of Basel, and there he studied paleontology, zoology, biology, archeology, and few others before settling on medicine (Cowgil, 1997, paragraph 2).

Jung's psychology centered on the concepts of the unconscious, and the conscious processes that people go through (Frager & Fadiman 2005 Paragraph 1). The main concept that went with his theory was individualization (Frager & Fadiman 2005, paragraph 2). This was Jung's term for the "personal development that involves establishing a connection between the ego and self" (Frager & Fadiman 2005, paragraph 2). Ego is considered the consciousness, and self is the center of a person's psyche (Frager & Fadiman 2005, paragraph 2). Individualization in whole is what makes someone's personality, and ego and self, are two aspects of this theory (Frager & Fadiman 2005, paragraph 2). This concept was considered controversial, and was not as wide spread as his theory of introversion, and extraversion.

Jung theorized that people can basically be classified into two different categories, introverted or extroverted. Introverted is someone who is "comfortable with the inner world of thoughts, and feelings......is primarily inward oriented" (Frager & Fadiman 2005, paragraph 4). Someone who is extravert is "more comfortable with the objects of the world and other people......is primarily outward oriented" ( Frager & Fadiman 2005, paragraph 4). Jung stated that not one person is solely introverted or extraverted, but people do lean closer one way or the other (Frager & Fadiman 2005, paragraph 5). People who are introverted look at how the world affects them, and people who are introverted are more concerned with how they can affect the world (Frager & Fadiman 2205, paragraph 5).

Another great contribution by Jung was his theory on types. Jung said that there were four types of psychological functions. The first function is thinking. Thinking according to Jung is the analysis of truth, judgment, and impersonal (Frager & Fadiman 2005, paragraph 12). The second type is feelings, and the hub of this is values, and make decisions about what is right and wrong (Frager & Fadiman 2005 paragraph 13). The third type is sensation. Sensation is dealing with how we gather information. We use all of our senses taste, touch, hear, smell, and see, and then process the information. This is also partnered with intuition (Frader &Fadiman 2005, paragraph 13). The last types is intuition, and jung explained intuition as "a way of comprehending perceptions in terms of possibilities,