Bulls Clericis

In The Bulls Clericis laicos issued in 1296 by Pope Boniface VIII was attempting to prevent the secular states of Europe, in mainly France and England, from allowing church revenues without the prior permission of the Pope. These two types of governments had come to a disagreement. Boniface's opinion and position on the matter was that prior permission had always been required. The people were not taxed for both sides of warfare, which included secular warfare. He was stating that, no matter what kind of person you are, regardless of being an emperor or king, shall be taxed if you did not seek permission from the pope. In the Unam Sactam, the Bull talks of the Catholic Church and their unity. This was about the Pope being the head of the church and how he is of superiority. I see this as new ideas coming into play, because it may be declaring war on the medieval world. It is trying to change power from Kings and Emperors and putting some power into the Church. In the Oration on the Dignity of Man by Pico Della Mirandola he questioned the primacy of the human. This was differentiating humans from animals and higher powers such as God. Everyone had been given their own ability to choose how their lives end up, and argues that it was given to us by God. This included the way humans viewed life and everything around it, making every person different from each other and all other beings. He also states animals come into the world with everything they will possess. Angels and other beings of that nature are already complete when they come into existence as well. This is about the concept of humanity, in which humans are the only ones that have possibilities, with change occurring whenever they make decisions. Mirandola gives us good understanding of how the world was changing. He proposes new ideas among the people about how God has chosen humans to be different from other creatures. The Church was rising to power and new ideas were forming. The medieval world was disappearing from existence, while a new world was coming to power.

Galileo Galilei's view was different from the previous sources. In "The Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina" written in 1615, he discusses the conflicts and relationship of discoveries in science and the Bible. Galileo makes a tremendous argument in these letters regarding the conflict about how the Bible should be first in everyone's life and understood first by man. Discoveries in science were taken lightly and literally, but he claimed that they should both be equally understood, and that science was just as important. This argument could then lead to the understanding of the Bible and the understanding of science can both be studied together. This type of argument was another type of new ideas emerging, because science was becoming popular. The church and science was starting to emerge as a conflict and Galileo wanted science and the church to become hand-in-hand.

In Voltaire's