Advanced Research Methods

Executive summary

Research is process to get valuable information on market, consumer behavior, trend etc. This assignment explains comprehensive understanding of research within tourism and hospitality sector. It provides an overview of application of research philosophies in this sector and different approaches to data collection. Primary and secondary data are sources of collecting data. These two types of data are analyzed in this assignment. Finally, different methods for validating data discussed along with producing suitable research proposal.

Table of Contents

Introduction        

1.1 Advanced research methods        

1.2 The research process.        

1.3 The development of research in tourism and hospitality.        

2.1 Range of research philosophies.        

2.2 Range of sources of information to support and develop research.        

2.3 The different approaches to research.        

3.1 Appropriate research methods in tourism and hospitality        

3.2 Information sources to make effective decisions around the collection of data.        

3.3 Critical evaluation Different approaches to data collection        

4.1 A range of secondary data.        

4.2 Complex sets of primary data.        

4.3 Synthesizing qualitative and quantitative data in a complex mixed method approach to research.        

5.1 Critically evaluating issues of reliability and validity in data, and identify solutions.        

5.2 Planning a research project appropriate for the level of study.        

5.3 The research need and appropriate research proposal.        

Conclusion        

References        

Introduction

Research is organized and systematic process of finding answers to particular problem. For carrying out solution of problem through research researcher need to follow appropriate research process with advanced research methods. Various sources of information used to collect information for research. Data collection is another crucial factor and there different approaches to collect data. Major data sources are primary source and secondary source. After collecting data researchers need to verify validity of collected data.

1.1 Advanced research methods

Research methodology is a combination of steps, procedures, and procedures during the implementation of the research. It include the areas regarding inquiry when the concepts along with theories derives from. There tend to be two types of methodologies that are quantitative and qualitative. (Creswell, 2013)

Quantitative research

Quantitative research options happen to be prearranged and a huge number of respondents are usually involved. By means of definition, measurement need to be objective, quantitative and also statistically good. Simply, it’s in relation to numbers, aim hard files (Creswell, 2013).

Statisticians calculate the sample size for a survey utilizing formulas to view how large a sample size will likely be needed from the given population to achieve findings having an acceptable degree of accuracy. Usually, researchers look for sample sizes which yield findings with no less than 95%  confidence interval(which means that if researcher repeat the survey 100 times, 95 times outside of hundred  he would get the identical response), plus/minus a  margin error of 5 percentage points. Many research are created to develop a smaller margin regarding error.

Qualitative research

Qualitative Research is gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data through spotting peoples’ doings and sayings. Although, quantitative research means to count and measures connected with things, qualitative research means the meanings, concepts, descriptions, characteristics, metaphors, representations, and information of things. (Dawson, 2013).

1.2 The research process.

Research is a process that will require patience in addition to thought. There isn't a check list to make sure one get exhausted just about every resource in addition to found the best research. Research is actually more of art rather than science. There are steps one will need to take, however to thoughtfully go through this practice (Oliver, 2010). The research process includes 6 steps.

Step-1: Problem definition:

Once researchers have defined problem precisely, the research can be designed as well as conducted properly.

Step-2: Development of an approach to the problem:

It includes developing an objective and theoretical framework, analytical models. Research questions along with hypothesis and identifying the information needed.

Step-3: Research design formulation:

Formulation research design includes secondary data analysis, qualitative research, measurement and scaling procedure, questionnaire design, planning of data analysis etc.

Step-4: Data collection:

Various data collection methods are used such as- personal interview, telephone interviewing, online etc.

Step-5: Data preparation and analysis:

It is editing, coding, transcription and verification of data.

Step-6: Report preparation and presentation:

Entire research project is documented in a written report that addresses the specific research question.

1.3 The development of research in tourism and hospitality.

Research Development in tourism and hospitality includes a broad spectrum of activities that range by institution, including: financing opportunity detection and specific dissemination; grant/contract proposal development; research team building; interaction using funding organizations and institutional research administration and also leadership; conversation with institutional government relations; and also outreach activities and training (Bolner & Poirier, 2004).

Tourism industry is largest industry in the world and many countries are earning most foreign currency from this sector. Therefore, a thorough research is undertaken by government and private sector to identify opportunities and solve various problem (Edwin J Thomas, 2013).

T&H research basically developed by government to formulate tourism development policy and planning for destination to attract tourists and investors. Such tourism policy cannot be adopted without research. (Bolner & Poirier, 2004) Clear information on market, impact of tourism, carrying capacity calculation etc. are the main part of research development in this sector.