What Is Traditional Bullying?

What is traditional bullying???

According to Olweus.....

➢Aggressive behavour ➢Carried out by a group or individual repeatedly. ➢Energence of victim(people who get hurt)

Type of bullying

● According to Sharp and Smith (1994)

→ Physical bullying (e.g fighting ,being physically overbearing, sexual harassment) → Verbal bullying (e.g off color jokes, calling people with offensive names) → Indirect bullying (e.g exclusion of a person from the life of a group)

After the globalisation, the technology improvement led to.....

Cyber-bullying

●The type of bullying exist in social network or Internet:

→ Can be anonymous (Not face-to-face)

→ Unlimited potential audience

→ Can happen anytime (24 hours per day)

What is the difference?

● No physical attack in Cyber-bullying

● The number of audience

● The way of bullying  (Direct?  / Indirect?)

The background of how cyber-bullying happens

● Where :Social Network (e.g Facebook, Forum, Online game)

● When :Anytime (24 hours per day)

● Who :The users of social network (especially on teenagers)

The possible reasons for cyber-bullying ● Look cool, feel powerful → It seems to have the power to control other's action or emotion.

● Bandwagon effect(從眾效應) → people follow their friends to bully others.

● Seek attention and gain more popularity → people may be neglected or lack of care in reality. Therefore, they want to be successful and gain attention on social network.

● No reason! → In the social network,people bully others unconsciously.

The possible reasons for cyber-bullying

Question (1)

Question (1)

Who are the bullies and victim?

What is the way for bullies to bully victim?

General Strain Theory

→ Criminology theory developed by Robert Agnew. → Argues that individuals who experience strain, and as a result of that strain feel angry or frustrated.

Bullies

Depressed →  Either haven't accomplished something in their life or do not have goals. Jealous →  Begin to feel this way when they see other students (who become victims to their ways) become successful or excel at certain aspects of their life. Happy → Have a sense of power gained from hurting someone that they do not like.

Transactional model of stress and coping → Created by Lazarus & Folkman

→ A framework for evaluating the processes of coping with stressful events.

→  Stressful experiences are construed as person-environment transactions, and these transactions depend on the impact of the external stressor.

Approach-avoidance model

→ Created by Roth & Cohen → The approach-avoidance model describes particular strategies which can be categorized either as approach or avoidance.

Victims

Depressed → Due to the feeling of being bullied by the bully, begin to lose self-confidence. Along with them questioning their self-worth in an social aspect.

Victims Afraid and embarrassed → Afraid to stand up for themselves and embarrassed as their reputation is being tarnished by the bullying.

 → The worldwide platform (Internet) further spreads the rumor to other people.

Victims

Helpless → No one is there to support them during this period or do not seek help from anyone.

 → When this happens, the victim falls further into the next and last situation.

Victims

Suicidal → This is the last and most dangerous step for the victim, they see this as their only way out of this situation. → Although we may think this is an extreme measure, some cases can relate to this.

Potential results of cyber bullying ● Teenagers are often reluctant to talk about it when it happen. ● Some warning signs: ➢   Dropping grades ➢    Avoid going to school or social activities ➢    Lower self-esteem ➢    Stress-related health issues  

Reaction ( victims )

Positive: ● Blocking communication with the cyberbully ● Deleting messages without reading them ● Talking to a friend about the bullying Negative: ● Seeking revenge on the bully ● Avoiding friends and activities ● Cyberbullying back

A defense mechanism is a coping technique that reduces anxiety arising from unacceptable or potentially harmful impulses.

Apply in (Self-defense Mechanism)

Apply in (Self-defense Mechanism)   (Regression) ● one of our respondents perceived avoidance as a lack of possibilities to protect the victims ● “It’s horrible because I know I can’t do anything, just ignore him and delete.'

(sublimation) ● transformed into socially acceptable actions, possibly resulting in a long-term conversion of the initial impulse. ● For example, the female respondents who did or, after experiencing cyberbullying, started doing sports competitively.