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There's still Welsh, Scots and Irish people, who speaks a Celtic language of the like that was spoken by the Celtic tribes, who lived in the British Isles for about two thousand years ago. Celtic hasn't had a greater impact on the English language. Between the fourth and the seventh century the Anglo-Saxon conquered England and the southern part of Scotland. It was mainly the Germanic tribes from northern Germany and Denmark. The English language, which is spoken today has changed so much in the past 1500 years that it wouldn't be able to be understood by the very same tribes which brought the language to England. A lot of words are the same but pronounced and spelled differently. The structure of the language was completely different, but much closer to the Latin and German language, while modern English have a more simpler grammar. It was in the Anglo-Saxon period that England converted to Christianity, which also means that the language takes a large amount of loan words from Latin, which was the language of the church. The attack in 793 on the monastery on the island of Lindisfarne from Northumberland is traditionally considered as the beginning of the Viking Age in England, which ended with the Danish conquest of the most of the country. It is also the beginning of centuries of Scandinavian (mostly Danish) influence on the English language. The languages were closely related, and the two people were culturally at roughly the same level; many loan words are therefore everyday words (eg. egg, window, loose, give, they and them).

After the Norman conquest of England in 1066 was English for a longer period the commoners language, while French was spoken at court and of the upper class. The two languages lived side by side for nearly three hundred years, and modern English is a mixture in which approximately half of the words derived from Anglo-Saxon or Scandinavian and the other half from French or Latin. Some of the French loan words are everyday words (eg. dinner and conversation) but a very large proportion shows that the French were the ruling class language (eg. Government, taxes, preaching, crime, army, art and painting) .