The Environment or Parents 304

The Environment or Parents

Cynthia O’Brien

PSY 304: Lifespan Development

Instructor: Misty Reed

September 19, 2016

    Developmental psychology is a study that helps learn about human behavior throughout their lifespan. Some believe that it is a study limited to infants and children through the gate has been widened to cover a broad range of an individual’s lifespan. This discipline covers a range of varieties cognitive development which includes areas like problem-solving, moral understanding and conception all knowledge, emotion, personality, and social development, and cognitive functioning. As we become an adult successful or not who deserves the credit to a successful adult and if the adult is unsuccessful who should get the blame? Our parents or the ones who took care of us and had a significant effect on our development are they to blame or is the environment to blame with the oldest controversial question is nature to blame are nurture or do both have a part in our behavior.

     However, our genetics are predetermined traits that have been passed down to us from our parents. We start off as a single cell called a zygote which contains forty-six chromosomes. Twenty-three of the chromosomes come from the mother’s ovum, and twenty-three chromosomes originate from the father’s sperm (Shriner, & Shriner, 2014). Subsequently, all humans owe precisely half of their genetic makeup to each one of their parents (Shriner, & Shriner, 2014). Our genetics are prearranged traits that have been passed down to us from our parents and the environment that we are bordered by as we grow influences grow and how we use our genetic makeup.

     Cognitive functioning can be improved or compromised due to our genetics or the environment that surrounds us. Physical aspects of an individual are mainly due to nature alternatively, nurture can alter a person’s appearance as well. However, the pattern of human development depends on the combination of that individual’s genetics and the environment.

How our parents raised us is another essential part of the expansion of the child as well. So you would ask if this is what makes us does this mean that siblings that grew up in the same environment with the same parents will also be the same growing into maturity with the same traits no. Because children can have diverse genotypes that are different from their parent’s. Although the child’s genotype is different from their parent’s their phenotype will be the same. The formal type is held genotype is expressed as we develop we create our environment based on our genotype (Shriner, & Shriner, 2014).

     Physical appearance is determined by our parents because specific genes are passed down to the individual. The complete genetic code is governed by the unique mixture of a single ovum from the mother and a singles sperm cell from the father. That are single eye color rather green eyes, and brown eyes are passed down through genes, but only one will be uttered. It is important to know that genetic code is something that parents are not able to control because sometimes genes do not reproduce in sequence or can change better known as gene mutations (DiLalla, 2015).

    One of the processes that result in certain characteristics displayed in a phenotype pertains to the genes themselves (DiLalla, 2015). For an example, a gene that is dominant will always result in the appearance of a characteristic when paired with a recessive gene. The only way in which a recessive characteristic is displayed in a phenotype is what it is paired with another recessive gene (DiLalla, 2015). Numerous components are typically the result of recessive genes including blonde and red hair, nearsightedness, and even the susceptibility to poison ivy.

      Behavioral genetics is a field of study in which researchers analyze and try to discover the influences of heredity and environmental differences among human traits and development. Moreover, configuration and human development rely on the combination of the individual's genetics as well as their environment (Frank D Mann, Daniel A. Briley, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, & K. Paige Harden, 2015).

     The current study measured general personality functioning regarding five broad dimensions, each of which taps a set of genes that influences an array of affective, behavioral and cognitive dispositions. Past research, however, suggests that fine-grained personality faucet may provide greater insight into the specific psychopathologies. For example, a meta-analysis of faucet level Association between the big five and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.  Personality disorders indicated that the negative association between antisocial personality and conscientiousness is driven more by low levels of deliberation, self-discipline, and dutifulness as opposed to order and achievement striving (Mann et al., 2015).

  In a recent meta-analysis of longitudinal behavioral genetics studies of big five personality traits found that big five personality traits show modern stability even in very early childhood in this first ability are permanent because of genetic factors.

    This pattern of outcomes is consistent with developing research on the longitudinal stability of callous-unemotional traits, which also shows substantial phenotypic and genetic debility in early childhood. Overall the finding that genetic influences on callous-unemotional traits are indistinguishable from genetic influences on general personality underscores the importance of a developmental psychopathology perspective which views the study of typical and atypical development as mutually informative (Mann et al., 2015).

    The multilevel cascade of proximate mechanisms that link genes to behavior including behaviors characterized by callousness and unemotionally remain largely unknown. However, outcomes of the present revision advocate that perceptive the advance of typical dynami response will inform a deeper understanding of the development of insensitive and dispassionate performance (Mann et al., 2015).

   The genotype contains both susceptibility genes and longevity gene susceptibility genes increase the likelihood or chance of developing a particular disease or genetic condition because of the presence of one or more mutations in the gene itself. So individual may get one of these bad genes from their parent although it is not their fault because they are unaware of their gene pool. There is also a longevity gene this appears to be the process of aging, however, is not proven (Bronfenbrenner, 1986).