Technology Impact on Ship Towards Ports

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1. Introduction

Seaport are the areas where there are facilities for berthing ships or anchoring ship and also where there is the equipment for transfer the goods from vessel to the shore or from vessel to vessel. Or we can said that seaport is the place that shop or shore interface or a maritime intermodal interface. It is because seaport is the only place that had been used by shipping agents for transferring the goods from one place to another especially for international shipping.

        Besides, seaport or port have many commercial activities that are constantly changing such as the design and also the infrastructure. This changing could happen because vehicle or the vessel technology had change from time to time, and because of the changing on demand also make the function develop and alters as the trade passing through them varies in type and quantity.

        Next, the changing of port development also because of the intense competitors of ports. A lot of factors that could happen to the port development, one of it is because of the changing in inland transport infrastructure. Second factor is because of changing in trade pattern. Thirds factors is because of the changing in financial and logistics thinking. Length of life also become one of the main factors.

Yet technology of vessels or ships also become one of the major of changing of the port development.

So, port should be considered as one of the most vital aspect of national transport infrastructure. Most of the trading nation that they are should concern are main transport link with their trading partners and about the focal point for railways system (intermodal). Last things that each port should be concern are a major economic for the nation’s prosperity. Port is not the only gateway for trade but most of the port could attract commercial infrastructure in form of bank, agencies and also for industrial activities.  

1. Background of Study

This research is focusing on the impacts ship technology changing to the port. The researchers will focus more on the main impacts that could be identify through the research that had been made. Besides, the researchers also would focusing on the factors that able to influencing the port development and also focus about the effects and impacts either for local port or international. It is because the function for each port are same.  

1. Purpose of Study

The purpose of this research is to identify the impacts that could happen to the port if the ship technology is changing and find opinion of the workers at the port about the changing ship technology towards the place that the working at. By studying, the researchers could give some tips towards the freight forwarder or to the officer of port itself about the impacts that would happen to their port in future.

1. The Objectives

There are several objectives outlined for the purpose of this research based on the aims and have to be achieved by the end of the study:  

a) To identify the impacts ship technology changing to the port development.

b) To evaluating the opinion of workers about the impact that would happen if the ship technology is changing in the future.

1. Function of Port

Within the port system, one or more organizations fill the following roles:

• Landlord for private entities offering a variety of services.
• Regulator of economic activity and operations.
• Regulator of marine safety, security, and environmental control.
• Planning for future operations and capital investments.
• Operator of nautical services and facilities.
• Marketer and promoter of port services and economic development.
• Cargo handler and storey.
• Provider of ancillary activities.

In view of the strategic significance of land, port property is rarely sold outright to private parties because of its direct and indirect effects on regional and often national economy and public welfare, its intrinsic value, and possible scarcity. Therefore, a key role for many port authorities is that of the landlord with the responsibility to manage the real estate within the port area. This management includes the economic exploitation, the long-term development, and the upkeep of basic port infrastructure, such as fairways, berths, access roads, and tunnels.

Port authorities often have broad regulatory powers relating to both shipping and port operations. The authority is responsible for applying conventions, laws, rules, and regulations. Generally, as a public organ it is responsible for observance of conventions and laws regarding public safety and security, environment, navigation, and health care. Port authorities also issue port bylaws, comprising many rules and regulations with respect to the behaviour of vessels in port, use of port areas, and other issues. Often, extensive police powers are also assigned to the port authority.

The planning function of the port authority in coordination with the municipality is a complicated affair, especially for large ports located within or near a city. The port planner has to consider:

• The consistency of plans with the general terms of land use that have been set by the competent authority.
• The impact of port development proposals on the immediate surroundings (environment, traffic, facilities, and roads).
• The appropriateness of port development proposals in the context of international, national, and regional port competition.

Actual port services and balancing of supply and demand occur at the levels of the port authority and individual port firms. Hence, the development of realistic investment projects for infrastructure and superstructure should be initiated at these levels. Investment plans of industrial and commercial port operators or projects for specific cargo handling, storage, and distribution should be integrated at the level of the port authority to arrive at a strategic master plan for the port. The individual master plans may then be integrated into a national seaport policy, taking into account macroeconomic considerations. Integration of individual master plans will help to avoid duplication of expensive, technologically advanced facilities when different ports in a national system strive to attract the same customers as well as ensure the selection of the appropriate locations for specific seaport facilities that will interconnect maritime and land transport systems.