Subcontinental Politics with Supporting Evidence

Table of Content

Content

Page no.

Introduction

03

Literature Review

04

Supporting Arguments with Evidence

 The Economist Intelligence Unit's

Democracy Index (EIU)

 Corruption Perception Index (CPI)

 Press freedom index

 Freedom House survey

 U.S. State Department reports 07

Conclusion

30

References

31

INTRODUCTION

While the word régime starts as an equivalent word for any type of government, present day use regularly gives the term a negative intention, inferring a tyrant government or fascism. Webster's definition expresses that the word régime alludes just to a type of government, while Oxford English Dictionary characterizes administration as "a legislature, particularly a tyrant one." Institutions as we portray them are freely sanctioned, moderately persisting collections of training, systems and standards, going from formalized lawful substances, for example, the WTO to more casual however legitimately buttressed and tolerating sets of practices and administrations, for example, the liberal entrepreneur showcase. The key expressions here are 'openly authorized' and 'moderately persevering'. The expression 'freely authorized' in this sense suggests dynamic projection, legitimate endorse, and regularly as not, some sort of resistance." (James, Paul; Palen, Ronen (2007). Globalization and Economy, Vol. 3: Global Economic Regimes and Institutions. London: Sage Publications. p. xiv.)

The Government of Bangladesh (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সরকার Bangladesh Sôrkar GOB) is driven by the Prime Minister, who chooses all the rest of the Ministers. The Prime Minister and the other most senior Ministers have a place with the incomparable basic leadership board of trustees, known as the Cabinet. The Government has three branches; the Executive branch, the Legislative branch and the Judicial branch.

The Government of India (GoI) is the union government made by the constitution of India as the authoritative, official and legal expert of the union of 29 states and seven union regions of an unavoidably vote based republic. It is situated in New Delhi, the capital of India.

The Government of Pakistan (Urdu: حکومتِ پاکستان‎) is a central government set up by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted overseeing specialist of the four areas of a broadcasted and set up parliamentary law based republic, unavoidably called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Literature Review

Regime is a particular system or rules that a state sets and follows in exerting its power, institutions and practices. Various scholars divided regimes in various ways like the Greek philosopher Plato discussed five types of regimes (Republic, Book VIII) which were Aristocracy, Timocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy, and Tyranny. However, for typology we will use liberal democracy, illiberal democracy and Authoritarianism.

 Liberal Democracy: A liberal democracy has proper election system, multiple political parties, political decisions made through an independent legislature, and an independent judiciary. It also has the rights of minorities and the freedom of speech.

 Illiberal Democracy: An illiberal democracy is a form of governing system where elections take place but citizens are cut off from the knowledge about the activities of those who exercise real power. In addition to that , civil liberties and civil rights as well as the multiple dimensions of a real democratic society are severely limited or non-existent .

 Authoritarianism: Authoritarianism is a way of governing that values order and control over personal freedom. It is usually governed by a dictator or the army. It can be classified in five ways which are

i. Military

ii. Personalistic

iii. Traditional Monarchy

iv. Dominant-Party

v. Single-Party

On the other hand, not all the states function as states. Analysts use three categories to measure each state.

 Characteristics of Effective state :

 The state control and tax their entire territory

 Laws are mostly obeyed

 Government looks after the general welfare and security

 Corruption is minor

 Characteristics of Weak state :

 Characterized by the penetration of crime into politics

 The government does not have the strength to fight lawlessness, drug trafficking, corruption, poverty and breakaway movements

 Justice can be bought

 Democracy is preached more than practiced

 Elections are often rigged

 Little is collected from tax

 Revenues from natural resources may disappear into private pockets

 Characteristics of Failed state :

 Has no national government, although some pretends to have one

 Warlords, militias and drug lords do as whatever they want

 No laws beside gun

 Territorial break up threatens

 No basic standard of Education and Health

Supporting Arguments with Evidence

There are some indicators which measures regimes in various ways like Electoral competitiveness, corruption, democratic quality, press freedom, civil liberties,