Social Inequality Annotated Bibliography

To- Allison Thomas

By- Sukhmani Randhawa

Course- SOCI-1125_02 (Social Processes)

RE- Annotated Bibliography

Date- June 25, 2017

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  Annotated Bibliography Research  

1. Topic of Research: Role of economy in Sexual orientation 

Explanation: Sexual orientation disparity has been phenomenally differing and far reaching. Ladies and men are unequal in each possible route in unlimited conditions, both quick and persevering, by both target criteria and subjective experience which is symbolized and reproduced in everyday life. The question for the idea of research that bears in mind

"How Has The Economy Influenced Men's And Women's Positions In Society?"

Examinations of sexual orientation disparity ascribe extraordinary significance to the economy. it shows up wherever inserted in financial imbalance, as in a basic part of sexual orientation gender includes unequal access to monetary assets and positions. This relationship moves toward becoming clearer in more "propelled" social orders where financial association has turned out to be institutionally separated from connection and political association. Investigations are conducted as to why such differences are experienced at workplace and what differences has been observed since past in eastern and western societies.

2) List of Journal articles:

1. Langdon, D. L., & Klomegah, R. (2013). GENDER WAGE GAP AND ITS
   ASSOCIATED FACTORS: AN EXAMINATION OF TRADITIONAL GENDER IDEOLOGY, EDUCATION, AND OCCUPATION. International Review Of Modern Sociology, 39(2), 173-203.
2. Arpino, B., Esping-Andersen, G., & Pessin, L. (2015). How Do Changes in Gender Role Attitudes Towards Female Employment Influence Fertility? A Macro-Level Analysis. European Sociological Review, 31(3), 370-382. doi:10.1093/esr/jcv0023.
3. Mandel, H. (2009). Configurations of gender inequality: the consequences of ideology and public policy. British Journal Of Sociology, 60(4), 693-719. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01271
4.  Ochsenfeld, F. (2014). Why Do Women’s Fields of Study Pay Less? A Test of Devaluation, Human Capital, and Gender Role Theory. European Sociological Review, 30(4), 536-548
5. Reskin, B. (1988). Bringing the Men Back in: Sex Differentiation and the Devaluation of Women's Work. Gender and Society, 2(1), 58-81. Retrieved from http://0-www.jstor.org.orca.douglascollege.ca/stable/190469

Why you chose this particular set of articles to examine your topic and how they relate to each other/fit together? 

Ans. In order to delve deeper into the research a rundown of ten reasons about monetary sexual orientation disparity helps to distinguish the determinants of gender discrimination.

1. Sexual orientation crevices have ancient roots. These roots can be followed back to the association of the family and to the conventional rural practices in the pre-modern period, which affected the sexual orientation of division of work, the part of ladies and the development.

2. Culture matters in deciding gender gap: Sexual orientation generalizations are entrenched, both among men and among ladies. They impact the degree to which men and ladies share similar obligations, specifically in household work and childcare and they add to clarifying sexual orientation crevices in the work advertise.*

3. Men and women have diverse dispositions and practices: These distinctions can add to clarifying sex pay gaps, discriminatory constraints, and the lower presence of females in high paying jobs.*

4. Maternity is a penalty in the labour market: There is no trade off amongst fertility and female work. Be that as it may, there is no business between fertility and female employment; nations where ladies work all the more likewise have higher birth rates. Accordingly, we can say that low female work is not really because of maternity choices**.

5. Education is the principal motor of sexual orientation balance: Men and Women are at present similarly taught, and ladies regularly outperform male instructive achievements in created nations. However difference still remains over fields of study, with a restricted offer to women in STEM(Scientific, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) disciplines, may explain portion of yet existing gender discrimination in access to the work market and career.***

6 Organizations assume a critical part in supporting female employment. Family approaches, parental leave, and formal kid mind arrangements may enable supporting female work to supply. .

7.Women strengthening and monetary empowerment are interrelated. On one side, financial progress improves feminine problems and lessens imbalance amongst male and female. However on the opposite side, the contribution of ladies in the economy is a key motor for development.****

3) Complete References to all journal articles

1. Bibliographic reference #1: Langdon, D. L., & Klomegah, R. (2013). GENDER WAGE GAP AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS: AN EXAMINATION OF TRADITIONAL GENDER IDEOLOGY, EDUCATION, AND OCCUPATION. International Review Of Modern Sociology, 39(2), 173-203
2. Database: SocINDEX with full text
3. Search terms:   "Sex discrimination in employment"  AND "wage differentials".
4. Listing number- 3
5. Author's abstract- This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on gender wage gap in the United States. It analyzed 2010 General Social Survey data comprising a sample size of 2044 respondents. The study was informed by human capital equity theories. The dependent variable was wages and the independent variables were gender, education, occupation, traditional gender ideology, age, race, and marital status. Logistics regression analysis was performed to examine the predictive power of independent variables. The results indicate that all the explanatory variables except marital status were significant predictors of wages. The study reiterates the existence of a myriad of social factors that influence wage gap. The study also illuminates the importance of traditional gender ideology as a predictor of wages. More research is needed to better understand the reasons for the persistence of gender wage gap, in spite of the legislations put in place to eliminate the gap.
6. Comments: More every now and again ladies win not as much as men for doing tasks of equivalent esteem. Occupations requiring comparable aptitudes, capabilities or experience have a tendency to be inadequately paid and underestimated when they are overwhelmed by ladies as opposed to by men. For instance, the (principally female) clerks in a grocery store more often than not win not exactly the (essentially male) workers required in stacking racks and other more physical undertakings.  For instance, where ladies and men are similarly all around qualified, more esteem can be connected to obligation regarding capital than to duty regarding individuals.

 Bibliographic reference #2: Arpino, B., Esping-Andersen, G., & Pessin, L. (2015). How Do Changes in Gender Role Attitudes Towards Female Employment Influence Fertility? A Macro-Level Analysis. European Sociological Review, 31(3), 370-382. doi:10.1093/esr/jcv002

ii)  Database:   SocINDEX with full text

iii) Search term(s): *Employment (Economic theory)
*Gender inequality
*Equality
*Gender differences (Sociology)
*Gender
iv) Listing number : 2

v)  Author’s Abstract :  This study explores whether the diffusion of gender-equitable attitudes towards female employment is associated with fertility. We argue that any positive effect on fertility requires not only high levels of gender-equitable attitudes overall, but also attitude convergence between men and women. We analyze 27 countries using data from the World Values Surveys and European Values Studies. We find support for a U-shaped relationship between changes in gender role attitudes and fertility: an initial drop in fertility is observed as countries move from a traditional to a more gender-symmetric model. Beyond a certain threshold, additional increases in gender egalitarianism become positively associated with fertility. This curvi-linear relationship is moderated by the difference in attitudes between men and women: when there is more agreement, changes are more rapid and the effect of gender egalitarian attitudes on fertility strengthens