Russian History

Russia was considered to be one of the largest country during late 17s and early 18s . But it was economically and politically backward as compared to the other parts of the europe this was due two particular reason - first was that it was a monarchical country which was ruled by the autocratic tsar ( rissian king ; also wrtten as czar ) and another most important reason was that it had not yet came out of the shackles of the feudalism while in the western part of the europe was coming out of the strngent holds of the feudalism but in the eastern part feudalism was still thriving ... The condition of the serfs was deteorating until the period of tsar Alexander 2 the condition of Russia was degraded . During the reign of Alexander 2 , crimean war took place and russia faced a miserable defeat in 1853 , from then pnwards tsar realised that now the time has come to abolish the serfdom from above otherwise it will get abolished itself from below . To prevent anarchy and with a vision to get russia out of its backwardness tsar Alexander 2 abolished the serfdom through emancipation act of 1861 . But even after taking such a huge reform the problems of peasants was still not solved . They were still living under the holds of miserable conditions this was majorly due to the principal s of reform : 1 ) In emancipation act though serfdom was abolished and freedom was given to the peasants but their long awaited demand was not fulfilled ie they wanted to be the owners of the land but unfortunately the land was not restored to them but was held by the head of village community also called as commune MIR another local governing body was also elected called as zemstovs , the land was divided betwwen land lords and peasants and thirdly they were require d to pay a portion of there surplus in redemtion dues which were always of the value more than the access of the peasants thus deteoriated their living conitions further . count witte ( finance minister ) of russia was also appointed who began to give more priority to the industrial development and ignored the impoverished conditions of agriculture . he began to take away alll the surplus from the peasants even sometimes they were not left with the food for their own subsitence this led to the deteorating conditions of agriculture ehile industries flourished . But this thriving phase soon came to an end with the commencement of world war 1 the entire economy of russia received a strong set back ... Bothe the working class as well as the peasants got infuriated and came on the streets with the demand to overthrew monarchy .... Though in 1905 it was not successful but turned out to be a bloody sunday .. Mass killing by the agents of the tsar . after this incidence people lost their faith on tsar and demanded a more liberal and democratic govent ...soon in february 1917 tsar autocracy came to an end and was succeded by dual power .... Nicholas 2 was the last tsar of the russian empire....