Psy 270 - Checkpoint: Substance Abuse

CheckPoint: Substance Abuse

Axia University

PSY 270

May 27, 2011

CheckPoint: Substance Abuse

Introduction

There are numerous theoretical methods to help alcohol and drug abusers down the road to sobriety. This paper will discuss three theories, which I agree are effective to treat these disorders. The theories I am in agreement with are the sociocultural theory, the behavioral/cognitive theory and the biological theory.

Substance Abuse

The sociocultural theory is that substance abuse is from the effect of tension and environmental aspects (Comer, R. J., 2005, chap. 10). A circumstance where socioeconomics is below average and unemployment is above average, drugs frequently are used as a method to relieve stress in our current economy. As a result, the behavioral/cognitive and the sociocultural perspectives are clearly demonstrated in low income socioeconomically areas, and also in middle-class communities.

The behavioral/cognitive perspective views the conditional substance abuse issues as contributing to the situation as well (Comer, R. J., 2005). The behavioral/cognitive viewpoint states that abuse patterns developed in the course of operant conditioning for the reason that the abuser uses the substance to release pressure for the duration of stressful events (Comer, R. J., 2005).

Consequently, the person receives a temporary release (reward) from the stress, and begins to carry the expectancy of the reward each time they use the substance. Hence, the individual begins to use all situations of stress and tension, regardless of the nature of the external circumstances, and the pattern of abuse through motivation is established. The drug now motivates the cycle of abuse.

The biological theory carries definite influence due to its scientific, pragmatic basis. Research reveals a connection between substance abuse, genetics and bio chemical factors (Comer, R. J., 2005. Chap. 10). The person will become addicted because their natural brain chemical levels are not within normal range. As a means of altering their biochemical levels artificially, he or she will self-medicate with the substance.

The therapies and programs commonly used for treatment are sociocultural therapies, self-help programs, community prevention programs, and culture and gender sensitive programs. Social group therapies such as Alcoholics and Narcotics Anonymous are used in the three theories. Behavioral/cognitive therapy combinations include relapse prevention therapy and behavioral self-control.

Biological treatments use detoxification, antagonistic drugs and maintenance therapy (Comer, R. J.,