Organization Change

TABLE OF CONTENT

Page no.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 2

Chapter 2 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STATEMENT 3 - 7

2.1

Emergence of Scientific Management Movement

3

2.2 First Steps in Scientific Management 3

2.3 Principles of Scientific Management 3-4

2.4 Influence of scientific management on management theory 4

2.5 Scientific Management effect on Operations Research 5

2.6 Scientific Management effect on Organization Behavior 5

2.7 Benefits of Scientific Management 5-6

2.8 Disadvantage of Scientific Management 6-7

2.9 Contributions and Limitation of Scientific Management 7

Chapter 3 Conclusion 9

References

1.1: Introduction

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) is the father of scientific management. He made a great influence on the development of management science. By his experiments and writings he created new era for management science. In particular, because of scientific management a discipline name management has emerged in the business world. In this paper I tried to review his theory of scientific management. Additionally, the importance of this theory in different arena also discussed. However, limitation of this theory also addressed in that paper.

Chapter 2: Critical Analysis of the Statement

2.1 Emergence of Scientific Management Movement

Federick Taylor was an American mechanical engineer. He was considered the father of scientific management. He started his experiment on how to increase productivity at Midvale Steel Company. In that company he became chief engineer from common labor. Later, he moved to Bethlehem Steel company further refined his idea and policy. He published his epic book called "Principles of Scientific Management" on 1911. This book attracts lots of attention and translated to several languages. This publication spread the idea all over the globe.

2.4 First Steps in Scientific Management

Taylor believed that by increasing industrial efficiency there are many good effect on the system of economy. This increase wage, lower the product cost that result better standard of living for the work class. However, on that time scientific management was resisted by the labor unions. At the time of Taylor's death on 1915 the concept of scientific management was abolished because of the resistance from the labor unions. At the time of First World War industries picked up this theory for seeking best methods. This method increases the production capacity of the industry.

2.2 Principles of Scientific Management

Scientific management based on four basic principles. First one is the replacement of old "rules of thumb" principle. This principle analyzes management practice by a scientific approach. This principle used systemized experiment to solve management problems. This principle is one of the most important contributions by the Taylor. This idea show a manager can adopt scientific approaches for decision making.

The second principle focused on scientific selection of the worker. Taylor mentioned that a systematic management can raise best man to the top of the organization. He said differential price rate system can be a good choice for providing benefit for the worker. Under this system, a proportionate increase in the output increases the payment of the worker. Under this plan, a worker receive low piece rate if produce at standard rate. On the other hand, a worker receive high rate if he cross the standard. Taylor said that attraction of this high rate encourage worker to increase production.

The third principles focus on the education and training of the worker. Taylor used stopwatch and motion studies for determining the time of an accomplished task. This focused worker to achieve standard time of the first class worker. This also helps to measure other employee performance. He said its management responsibility to bring best output from an individual. More specifically, he has to make superior than the past and transfer him to a profitable class worker. On that note, Taylor also focused on reorganization of supervision by using i) Division of planning and doing and ii) starting functional foremanship. On that day, all work are done by the work are instructed from the foreman. Foreman instructs what to do but not give advice of way of doing. The planning of the work depend on the worker. But, Taylor suggests foreman design the work. He said there are some specialized jobs involved in any kind of job. Doing this distinctive functional job requires specialized planning.

Finally, the fourth principle focused on the friendly cooperation between managers and worker. This principle ensures the completion of all work as per scientific management principles. To accomplish this tasks functional foreman and planning department of the organization played an important role. On that principle Taylor focused on "Mental Revolution" from the part of management and worker. They have to share the same goal of production maximization. This enables an organization to work successfully in an environment. There are many opinion about profit target, however, production increment automatically increase the profit.

2.3 Influence of scientific management on management theory

The influence of scientific management theory can be tracked in several ways. First, this established industrial management as a field. On that time, production engineer normally perform the duty of a manager. So, they identify the scope and opportunities of that field and identify this as a subject for further improvement.

Taylor's idea also influenced two important subfields of management: accounting and human resource management. He theoretically contributed in the field of cost accounting. The influence of scientific