Model of Production System

Model of Production System

a.        An industrial enterprise

b.        A hospital

c.        A marketing firm

d.        A school

1. An Industrial Enterprise

          Inputs, Output and transformation system:

        Inputs are hood, cowl cross member, sun roof, trunk, rear bumper, division channels, seat rail, door assembly, side sill and front bumper assembly. The output would be completed car manufactured. Transformation shown on the figure below.

[pic 1]

Toyota Car production processes:

1. Stamping - Make vehicle components of various sizes by stamping steel plates    

                     with press machines

1. Welding - Form a vehicle body by welding pressed components

1. Painting - Provide gloss to the body by painting on multiple layers

1. Assembly - Assemble thousands of components including interior trim,

    meters, electrical wiring, an engine and tires

1. Inspection - After strict inspection from multiple viewpoints,such as brakes,    

                        lights and exhaust gases,ship the vehicle as a completed vehicle

2. A hospital

                [pic 2]

You see, a hospital is a service specifically a healthcare industry. They concentrate more on the individuals who will avail the services and a little more on the products such as medicines and machines.

For the inputs; patients, supplies, machines and staff are functioning together; implement departmental function and process to achieve high patient satisfaction. An output is monitored and rated. There would be a feedback to both sides coming from the manager, to staff up to the patient and vice versa.

3. A Marketing Industry

    Inputs, output and transformation system:

    This is how marketing firm works and produce output:

        [pic 3]

[pic 4]

[pic 5]

        Under the marketing concept, the firm must find a way to discover unfulfilled customer needs and bring to market products to satisfy those needs. The process of doing so can be modeled in a sequence of steps: the situation is analyzed to identify opportunities, the strategy is formulated for a value proposition, tactical decisions are made, the plan is implemented and the results are monitored.

1. Situation Analysis

           The basis for identifying opportunities is to satisfy unfulfilled customer needs. Also the firm must understand its own capabilities and the environment in which it is operating.

1. Marketing Strategy

Market research will provide specific market information that will permit the firm to select the target market segment and optimally position the offering within that segment. The result is a value proposition to the target market.

1. Marketing Mix Decisions

The action for marketing mix decisions includes product development, pricing decisions, distribution contracts up to promotional campaign development.

1. Implementation and Control

At this point in the process, the marketing plan has been developed and the product has been launched. The marketing procedure does not end with implementation, there should be continual monitoring needed to fulfill customer needs for a long period of time.

4.   A School

        [pic 6]

        Inputs, Outputs and Transformation System

        A school also has a different system for transformation. Inputs are coming from students, teachers, parents and school leaders. If these processes are well implemented, results would really be satisfactory. The school will produce competitive individual who will take part in building an upright society. Below is the school transformation process.

1. Introspection

A team of teachers, students, parents and school leaders collaborate to define a vision, core values and goals.

1. Inquiry

Schools learn about innovations in teaching, learning, assessment and school design to discover possibilities for change.

1. Inclusion

Schools seek input and strategic partnerships with governments, businesses, parents and community leaders to help shape their vision.

1. Innovation

 Schools decide on the innovations – in curriculum, pedagogy, leadership, technology and learning space design – that will bring about their vision.

1. Implementation

Schools focus on creating and implementing their plan for change.

1. Insight

To guide continuous improvement, schools reflect on their experiences and review outcomes in relation to their school’s benchmarks and success metrics.

Comparative Study of the Organization for production of

a.        Two firms in different industries

b.        Two firms in the same industry with different product lines, and

c.        Two firms in the same industry with similar product lines

1. Two firms in different industries                                                

Manufacturing firm such as soft drink

•       Manufacturing operations produce tangible goods, which are physical products that can be held and seen. Manufacturing can be broken down into two branches: process and discrete manufacturing. While process manufacturers produce goods that typically use a formula and ingredients, such as soda pop or pharmaceutical drugs, discrete manufacturers produce goods from parts, such as electronics, appliances and automobiles.

•      In general, manufacturers have a standardized way of producing goods. Goods are produced en masse in a factory or warehouse-type environment. One finished product is generally the same as the next.

•      For example, the manufacturing layout can be fixed, process-focused or product-focused, such as in an assembly line factory. These issues affect the manufacturer's workforce performance and total output.