Matriculation Sem1: Chapter 1

water is polar molecule that attract other polar molecule like sugar , and repel non polar molecule like oil .one water molecule consist of 1oxygen atom with negative charge , and 2 hydrogen molecule with positive charge . the bond that combine the atom is covalent bond while the bond that attract another molecule of water is called hydrogen bond .water has many properties like it as universal solvent , low viscosity ,high specific heat capacity , high specific of latent heat and vaporization,and many more .

for protein, the element is carbon,oxygen,hydrogen and nitrogen.basic unit is amino acid.protein divide 20 amino acid .that can be different by look the R (side chain).amino group of protein divide by acidic , basic , polar and non polar .amino acid+amino acid by condensation will be dipeptide . many amino acid stuck together as polypeptide .the structure of protein can be divide by primary structure-linear sequence of amino acidic a polypeptide and held together by peptide bond ., secondary structure-polypeptide coiled to form alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet.shape form by hydrogen bond.,tertiary structure-coil and fold of secondary structure to form globular shaped protein.coiling and folding are caused by bonds between the side chains (R group) like hydrogen bond,ionic bond,disulphate bond,hydrophobic interaction and van dar waals .,quarternery structure-more than one tertiary structure protein which combine to form a large complex protein. like haemoglobin.

the formation of triglycerides is by glycerol + 3molecule of fatty acids . the bond is called ester linkage .for the formation of maltose is by alpha glucose + alpha glucose. the bond is called alpha-1,4 glycosidic bond.the formation of dipeptide is by amino acid + amino acid , the bond is callled peptide bond .