Human Bio Assignment - Haemophilia - Cystic Fibrosis - Down Syndrome

Human Bio Assignment (Part 1)
By: Chloe Cheng


Haemophilia
Haemophilia is a recessive sex-linked genetic disorder where the body suffers difficulty in blood clotting or coagulation. It’s more likely to occur in male rather than female.

The symptoms of haemophilia depend on the severity. The most common symptoms are excessive bleeding and easy bruise. There will be internal bleeding like urine from bladder, feces from intestine or external bleeding, such as heavy bleeding from minor cuts and nose bleed for no reason. Sometimes bleeding in the brain might happen which causes repeated vomiting and even double vision.

Haemophilia treatment involves replacing the missing or faulty factor in the blood stream. This sort of treatment is called ‘replacement therapy’. Some people need treatment only when it’s bleeding, some doesn’t.












Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited autosomal recessive disease which thick and stick mucus build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body. There will be different symptoms in different affected area. For example, when lungs are infected, there will be sinuses around the eyes, nose, and forehead. Infected digestive tract will produce ongoing diarrhea or bulky, foul-smelling, greasy stools. Besides that, they might have salty sweat if skin is infected.

There’s no cure for cystic fibrosis, the only thing can do is to prevent worsen of condition. Some people will use clearance technique to clear the mucus that build up in the airway to decrease the risk of bacterial infection. To aid digestion, some people will take enzyme tablets every single day. Exercise is also important for the physical strength of individual.














Down syndrome
Down syndrome is a condition of chromosome addition, where the 21st pair chromosome appears a extra chromosome. It causes both mental and physical retardation. There are different levels of severity therefore the symptoms varies. General symptoms will be flattened face and nose, small mouth but fat lips and upward slanting eyes. Poor muscle tone and loose ligaments are pretty common among Down syndrome patients.

There’s no cure for Down syndrome, therefore physical and medical treatments are usually focus on controlling the symptoms. Regular check up are usually done for Down syndrome patients as they have an increased risk of having other diseases such as congenital heart disease, immune system problems, mental retardation etc.












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