Genetic Case

Microorganisms are usually observed under microscope and they vary in size, shape and arrangement. There are several staining methods can be used to visualize the structure of particular microorganisms under different kinds of microscope such as gram stain and capsule stain. The study of the macroscopic features of the colony is known as the colony morphology whereas the study of microscopic features of microorganism is defined as the cellular morphology. Different types of microbes are grown in various culture media as they vary in the optimal pH, temperature, salt concentration and nutrients required for the growth. There are many kinds of culture media which nutrient agar plate and horse blood agar plate are commonly used in microbiology.

Microbes are important to the natural environment because they play a vital role in recycling the waste products in Earth. Besides, microorganisms are often used in brewing, baking or fermentation in food industry. In addition, microorganisms also have a broad application on different fields including in biotechnology, molecular biology or ecology. However, many disease-causing microorganisms are associated with the infectious disease on human such as tuberculosis, influenza, HIV, hepatitis B and many others. Therefore, it is essential to prevent ourselves from contamination. The proper aseptic techniques should be followed when conducting experiment that involves the use of microorganisms to ensure the microbes must no escape into the laboratory environment. Furthermore, several preventions like vaccine or antibiotics have already been widely used in medical fields to prevent children or elderly from severe pathogenic diseases. Further studies are needed to be conducted to examine the unknown microorganisms that present in the surrounding environment.