Evolutions and Antibiotic Resistance

Evolutions and Antibiotic Resistance

By: April Chastain

BIO1020

I went online to South University's online library and I found this article. The title is "The Infant Mortality Conundrum in Uruguay during the first half of the twentieth century: An aholysis according to causes of death." By: Anne-Emanuelle Birn, Wanda Cabella, and Raquel Pollero.

Around the 1900's infant mortality rates in Uruguay was among the worlds lowest. By the year 1910, the IMR had begun a decade long stagnation, while in other countries had experienced ongoing improvements. This article will examine the conundrum of Uruguay's infant mortality stagnation; it will also highlight the leading causes of infant death. Which was associated with diarrheal and respiratory diseases and their relations to social, economic, and even political conditions?

For over a century, children's health and their well-being were indicators that have been linked to all the emergences of the modern state and its ability to protect the population. In particular, international comparisons for infant mortality has been generated in heated debates on the relative importance of social policies, economic growth, living conditions, immigration policies, and even health measures in all different contexts.

Beginning by the mid nineteenth century, there was various Latin American countries that passed the laws that were calling for government collection for vital statistics (Peru and Mexico started in the year 1850, Argentina was in the year 1871, and Brazil was in the year 1888). Even so, very few of them had national coverage until after World War II. Uruguay's Office of General Statistics was created in the year of 1874 and it held the registration of babies' births, marriage certificates, and death certificates that was transferred from religious parishes to the state with the establishment of the Civil Registry in the year of 1879. By the 1900s, the country started collecting, and compiling, and even publishing reliable age and even disease specific mortality data.

At the turn of the twentieth century, Uruguay's infant mortality rate stood out as one of the largest in the world: around the 1900's they had less than 100 deaths per each of the 1000 births, it was a level that was comparable to that of Norway and Sweden and it was even lower than that of France. However, Uruguay lost its remarkably low infant mortality standing. Within a few years, while other countries experienced steady infant mortality declines, Uruguay had underwent a stagnation that had lasted for almost 40 years. Despite their implementation of all of their measures that was being aimed at addressing this